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Cancer Screening for Those Over 45: A Comprehensive Overview

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  Published in Health and Fitness on Thursday, November 20th 2025 at 2:59 GMT by TheHealthSite

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Cancer Screening for Those Over 45: A Comprehensive Overview

As people age, the risk of developing various types of cancer naturally increases. That’s why a group of evidence‑based screening tests has become “non‑negotiable” for adults over 45. The Health Site’s article, “Cancer screening tests that are non‑negotiable for individuals who are over 45 – why it is essential,” pulls together the latest guidelines, explains why each test matters, and points readers to additional resources for deeper dives.

Below is a full, word‑rich summary of the key take‑aways, organized by cancer type and test.

1. Colorectal Cancer: The Gold‑Standard Screening Tests

Why It Matters
Colorectal cancer is the third most common cancer in the United States but is also one of the most preventable when caught early. Screening can detect precancerous polyps and early cancers, drastically improving survival.

Recommended Tests
- Colonoscopy (every 10 years starting at age 45). The article stresses that a colonoscopy is the “gold standard” because it allows for both visualization and removal of polyps.
- Fecal Immunochemical Test (FIT) (annually) – a non‑invasive stool test that detects hidden blood.
- Fecal Occult Blood Test (FOBT) (annually) – similar to FIT but less sensitive.
- Cologuard® (every 3 years) – a combined DNA and FIT stool test.
- CT Colonography (every 5 years) – a virtual colonoscopy, useful for patients who cannot tolerate a traditional colonoscopy.

The article notes that guidelines from the American Cancer Society and the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) both lower the start age from 50 to 45, reflecting increasing incidence in younger adults.

Follow‑Up
If any abnormality is found, a diagnostic colonoscopy is required. The Health Site links to the American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons (ASCRS) website for deeper information on polyp removal and surveillance intervals.

2. Breast Cancer: Mammography and Clinical Breast Exam

Why It Matters
Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women worldwide. Early detection through imaging and physical exam can catch tumors before they spread.

Recommended Tests
- Mammography (every 1–2 years starting at 45). The article explains the rationale for a 45‑year start date: evidence shows benefits in detecting tumors that would otherwise be missed until they become symptomatic.
- Clinical Breast Exam (CBE) – a hands‑on exam by a healthcare professional, recommended at least annually for women over 45, especially if they have a family history or dense breast tissue.

Key Points
- Mammography sensitivity drops in women with dense breasts, but the benefit of early detection outweighs the risk.
- The article emphasizes shared decision‑making; for women aged 40–44, discussion with a provider is advised.

Follow‑Up
If a mammogram shows a suspicious lesion, a diagnostic breast ultrasound or MRI may be ordered before biopsy. The article includes a link to the American College of Radiology (ACR) guidelines for breast imaging.

3. Prostate Cancer: PSA Screening

Why It Matters
Prostate cancer is common in men, and PSA testing can catch it early. However, the decision to screen is nuanced because of potential over‑diagnosis and overtreatment.

Recommended Test
- Prostate‑Specific Antigen (PSA) blood test – generally recommended for men aged 45–55 who are at higher risk (African American or a first‑degree relative with prostate cancer) and for men 55–69 who wish to discuss risks and benefits.

The article underscores that the USPSTF currently gives a “C” grade for PSA screening in the 55–69 age group, meaning clinicians and patients must weigh the benefits against the harms. The piece links to the Urology Care Foundation for an in‑depth patient decision aid.

4. Skin Cancer: Full‑Body Skin Exam

Why It Matters
Skin cancer, especially melanoma, has risen dramatically in the U.S. Self‑examinations can spot changes early, but a professional full‑body exam adds a safety net.

Recommended Test
- Full‑body skin exam – once a year, particularly for individuals with a history of sunburn, fair skin, or a personal/family history of skin cancer. The article includes a video from the American Academy of Dermatology (AAD) explaining what a clinician looks for during an exam.

Follow‑Up
Any suspicious lesions should be biopsied. The article recommends patients keep a skin diary to track new moles.

5. Lung Cancer: Low‑Dose Computed Tomography (LDCT)

Why It Matters
Lung cancer remains the leading cause of cancer deaths. However, the best chance of survival is through early detection.

Recommended Test
- LDCT – annually for adults aged 55–80 who have a 30‑pack‑year smoking history and currently smoke or have quit within the past 15 years.

The article stresses that “non‑negotiable” for smokers in this age bracket because USPSTF recommends it with a Grade A. It includes a link to the National Cancer Institute’s screening guide for deeper detail.

6. Other Important Tests

While the article focuses on the core screenings, it also highlights a few adjunctive checks:

• Cholesterol and Blood Pressure – routine monitoring is essential because cardiovascular disease often co‑occurs with cancer or exacerbates treatment complications.
• Pap Smear and HPV Testing – for women up to age 65 (if not previously done).
• Bone Density Scan – especially for women over 65 or those at higher osteoporosis risk; important because fractures can complicate cancer treatment.

Each of these is briefly referenced with links to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force for guidelines.

7. Putting It All Together: A Practical Approach

The Health Site article concludes by encouraging readers to:

1. Schedule a Health Assessment – Use the provided “Health Assessment” tool to list your age, gender, risk factors, and existing conditions.
2. Make a Calendar – Write down your next screening date(s) and set reminders.
3. Discuss with Your Provider – Bring your questions about benefits, risks, and alternatives.
4. Keep a Screening Log – Track your results, follow‑ups, and any interventions.
5. Stay Informed – Read up on new guidelines; screening recommendations evolve with emerging evidence.

The article includes a direct link to the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force’s summary tables and the American Cancer Society’s “Screening & Early Detection” page, making it easier to dive deeper into specific tests.

8. Key Take‑aways

9. Final Thoughts

The article’s central message is clear: when you’re over 45, a routine panel of cancer screenings is essential to catch disease before it becomes advanced. The evidence is overwhelming that early detection improves outcomes across the board. By following the recommended schedule, staying in regular contact with a healthcare provider, and staying up‑to‑date on new guidelines, adults can take proactive control of their health.

For anyone who feels they’re at the “non‑negotiable” age threshold, the Health Site’s article offers a roadmap, practical tips, and solid references that help demystify the world of cancer screening. It’s a call to action—don’t wait for symptoms to appear; let the science guide you toward a healthier future.